Comprehensive Guide to Formwork: Everything You Need to Know
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials, known for its strength and durability. However, it needs proper support to shape and hold its form until hardening to its final form.
That’s where formwork is needed. It is a temporary structure holding the wet concrete in place until it gains enough strength to support itself. This process is essential for building everything from homes to skyscrapers, bridges, and highways.
At Ply Supply, we make it easy for builders to buy formwork products online. We supply the best plywood materials to build durable formworks. So, every project of yours gets the best possible start.
Whether you’re constructing a small house extension or a large commercial building. Choosing the right formwork can improve the efficiency, cost, and quality of your project.
Let’s start our guide to formwork.
What is Formwork or Formworking?
Formwork is a temporary or permanent structure that supports wet concrete while it sets into the desired shape. Its goal is to maintain the integrity of the structure during the curing phase, ensuring it hardens in the correct position without cracks or defects.
Formworking refers to the entire process of designing, assembling, using, and removing these moulds. The choice of materials used in it depends on the size and complexity of the project.
Without proper formwork for concrete, construction would be inefficient. And buildings could lack the strength required to be safe and durable.
Let’s explore its benefits in detail.
Why Should You Use Formwork?
Using formwork in construction offers several benefits. It can help:
Benefit | Description |
Provide Structural Strength | Formwork holds concrete in place, preventing it from moving or collapsing before it gains strength. It keeps the final structure solid and long-lasting. |
Improve Construction Efficiency | By using formwork, builders can speed up the construction process, reduce delays, and save costs. Pre-designed moulds allow workers to pour and set concrete quickly and easily. |
Enhance Safety on Site | Fresh concrete is heavy, and if not properly supported, it can cause accidents. Well-designed formwork prevents collapses and gives a safer work environment for construction workers. |
Achieves a High-Quality Surface Finish | The type of formwork used affects the final appearance of the concrete surface. High-quality formwork timber or plywood formwork can produce smooth finishes requiring less treatment. |
Reduces Material Wastage | Efficient formwork prevents concrete spillage, using only the required amount of material. So, they minimise waste and reduce construction costs. |
Moving towards the common types of formworks being used in the construction field.
Types of Formworks Based on Material
There are several types of formwork for different construction requirements. Choosing the right one depends on the project’s scale, budget, and desired finish.
Common options include:
1. Timber Formwork
Timber formwork is one of the oldest and most commonly used types. It consists of wooden panels and beams assembled on-site.
Advantages:
- Easy to cut and adjust to custom shapes.
- Readily available and relatively inexpensive.
- Can be reused multiple times if properly maintained.
Disadvantages:
- Not suitable for large-scale projects due to its labour-intensive nature.
- Absorbs moisture, leading to potential warping.
2. Steel Formwork
Steel formwork is made from rigid metal sheets, making it highly durable and reusable.
Advantages:
- Provides a smooth finish with minimal surface defects.
- Strong and can support heavy loads.
- Resistant to moisture and does not warp.
Disadvantages:
- High initial cost.
- Heavier than other types, requiring cranes or machinery to assemble.
- Can rust under moisture & wet environmental conditions.
3. Insulated Formwork
This type of formwork remains in place after the concrete has set, providing extra insulation.
Advantages:
- Enhances energy efficiency by improving insulation.
- Reduces construction time since the formwork is not removed.
Disadvantages:
- More expensive than traditional formwork timber or plywood.
4. Fabric Formwork
Fabric formwork uses flexible sheets to shape the concrete. It is commonly used for unique architectural designs.
Advantages:
- Allows for creative, curved designs.
- Lightweight and easy to transport.
Disadvantages:
- Less common and may require specialized skills.
5. Plastic Formwork
Made from durable and lightweight plastic panels. This formwork is ideal for repetitive & small-scale construction projects.
Advantages:
- Lightweight and easy to clean.
- Can be reused many times.
Disadvantages:
- Not as strong as steel or timber formwork.
6. Plywood Formwork
Plywood formwork consists of thin wooden sheets bonded with strong adhesives. It can be used from simple structures to complex buildings.
Advantages:
- Provides a smooth concrete finish.
- Lightweight and easy to work with.
Disadvantages:
- Can wear out if not properly maintained.
Learn More: A Guide to Formply | Build Smarter with F17 Formwork Plywood
Now, let’s move toward another recent addition to the formwork family.
Traditional vs. Modular Formwork
While traditional formwork has been used since ever. Mostly builders and renovators are now moving towards modular formwork for its additional advantages.
Let’s compare both options.
Traditional Formwork:
- Built from formwork timber or plywood.
- Custom-made on-site.
- Time-consuming but flexible for different shapes.
Modular Formwork:
- Prefabricated panels (steel or plastic).
- Faster to install and reusable.
- Ideal for large-scale, repetitive projects.
Another term that confuses new home builders is shuttering. Let’s discuss what it is and how it differs from formworking.
Difference Between Shuttering & Formworking
The terms formwork and shuttering are used interchangeably in construction. But they have distinct meanings.
Formwork refers to the entire system of moulds and support structures. That are used to shape and hold wet concrete until it hardens. It includes all horizontal and vertical structures used in construction.
Shuttering, on the other hand, is a specific type of formwork used for vertical structures. Shuttering panels must be carefully removed after the concrete sets.
Feature | Formwork | Shuttering |
Application | Moulds for slabs, beams, walls, columns, foundations, and other elements | Only used for walls, columns, and vertical structures |
Materials Used | Timber, steel, plywood, plastic, fabric, and composite materials | Timber, steel, or plywood |
Purpose | Provides overall structure and support for concrete elements | Supports vertical concrete structures during curing |
🛠️ Remember: Formwork refers to all aspects of concrete moulding. While shuttering is just one category of formwork used for specific applications.
What Makes a Good Formwork?
High-quality formwork for concrete can give you strong, safe, and efficient construction. Make sure that your formwork has these qualities before selecting it.
1. Strength & Durability
It must be capable of supporting wet concrete loads without bending or breaking. You can build formwork with timber or steel for excellent durability.
2. Leak-Proof Design
Prevents concrete from leaking out, which builds smooth surfaces and reduces waste. Poorly constructed formwork results in uneven edges or surface imperfections.
3. Ease of Removal (Stripping)
Formwork should be designed for easy removal without damaging the hardened concrete. Some systems, like modular formwork, make quick and hassle-free stripping possible.
4. Reusability
Quality formwork for sale should offer multiple uses, reducing long-term costs. Steel and plastic formwork are highly reusable, whereas timber formwork has a limited lifespan.
5. Accurate & Stable
It must maintain the exact shape and measurements required for the project. Otherwise, precision in architectural and structural designs would not be possible.
6. Easy to Handle
Formwork material should be easy to transport, install, and dismantle. While steel formwork is heavy. Plastic or plywood formwork offers a lightweight alternative.
7. Affordable & Cost-Effective
The formwork cost should fit the project budget without compromising performance and longevity. Choosing reusable formwork can save you money in the long run.
Also Read: Step-By-Step Guide to Laying A Concrete Slab Like A Pro
Need further guidance for choosing a formwork? Read on.
6 Other Factors to Consider When Choosing Formwork
Selecting the right formwork requires careful planning. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:
Factor | Considerations |
Project Size & Complexity | Large-scale projects benefit from modular formwork systems. While smaller projects can use timber or plywood formwork. |
Formwork Cost & Budget | Balance initial investment with long-term savings. Reusable steel or plastic formwork cost more upfront but reduce expenses in the long run. |
Reusability & Durability | If you need formwork for multiple projects, go for materials like steel or plastic. They can be reused multiple times without degrading. |
Surface Finish Requirements | If you need smooth concrete surfaces, choose plywood or steel formwork. They provide a polished finish without extensive touch-ups. |
Weather & Environmental Conditions | Consider how exposure to rain, heat, or cold will affect your formwork. Timber formwork warps if frequently exposed to moisture, and steel can rust without proper care. |
Safety & Load-Bearing Capacity | Choose formwork that can safely support the weight of wet concrete and construction workers. Weak or unstable formwork can lead to construction failures. |
Conclusion
Formwork is an essential part of modern construction. It provides concrete structures with strength, accuracy, and efficiency. There are a variety of types available, like steel, timber, plywood, plastic, and insulated.
Whether you’re working on a small home project or a large commercial build. Choosing the right formwork can save you time, money, and effort. Make sure the formwork you have selected ticks all the correct boxes and suits your construction project.
Looking for trusted formwork providers in Perth?
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